uid=MCM,o=EDI,dc=edirepository,dc=org all public read glcrweq Summarized glacier mass balance measurements, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2020, ongoing) Michael Gooseff michael.gooseff@colorado.edu http://goosefflab.weebly.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-8315 Andrew Fountain
P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 US
(503) 725-3386 andrew@pdx.edu http://glaciers.pdx.edu/fountain/ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-2273
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ Anna Bergstrom annabergstrom@boisestate.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-4018 field technician Renée Brown rfbrown@unm.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-7663 data manager Hassan Basagic basagic@gmail.com former field crew Thomas Nylen thomasnylen@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-8702 former field crew Inigo San Gil
Department of Biology, MSC03 2020 University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 US
(505) 277-2625 (505) 277-2541 isangil@lternet.edu former data manager
2022-02-25 English
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor glacial mass balance and meltwater flow. This data package contains total mass balance changes at each stake measured on six glaciers (Canada, Commonwealth, Hughes, Suess, Howard, and Taylor) in Taylor Valley and one glacier (Adams) in Miers Valley, all of which are located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. These values are the result of an analysis of the raw data presented in other data files (glacier stake heights, snow depths, and snow densities). Included here for each stake is the total water equivalent mass change. The standard deviation or the range for each total is given. Most measurements began during the 93-94 field season. Adams measurements were established during the 14-15 field season. Measurements are ongoing except at Hughes and Suess Glaciers where monitoring ceased following the 08-09 field season. Monitoring the changes in these measurements over time provides a record of mass balance, and aids in determining the role of glaciers in the polar hydrologic cycle.
mass balance LTER Controlled Vocabulary Antarctica glacier mass Station Keywords disturbance LTER Core Areas In some circumstances we have the opportunity or need to measure the glaciers in mid-season (Dec). View the dates the measurements were made at the following URL: http://www.mcmlter.org/data/glaciers/timing/weqdates.pdf
Data Policies This data package is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as “Data Users”) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https://mcmlter.org/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-1637708). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available “as is” and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you.
https://mcm.lternet.edu/content/summarized-glacier-mass-balance-measurements-mcmurdo-dry-valleys-antarctica-1993-2020 Located in the Miers Valley, this glacier became object of the MCMLTER program study in 2015. 163.582477569580 163.732166290280 -78.097276633989 -78.118713184740 The Canada Glacier a small glacier flowing south-east into the northern side of Taylor Valley.  The glacier receives less than 10 cm of snowfall annually. Its seasonal melting feeds Lake Hoare to the west and Lake Fryxell to the east. 162.894287109375 163.057708740234 -77.598403930664 -77.632133483887 The Commonwealth glacier flows in a southeasterly direction and enters the northern side of Taylor Valley immediately west of Mount Coleman. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition for the Commonwealth of Australia in the early 1900s.   163.197784423828 163.373565673828 -77.545059204102 -77.589111328125 286 286 meter Howard is a small alpine glacier just west of Crescent Glacier, flowing into Taylor Valley on the north from the Kukri Hills. Geologist T.L. Pewe studied and named it for Arthur D. Howard, 163.036087036133 163.147994995117 -77.662025451660 -77.687744140625 717 717 meter Hughes Glacier is a small alpine glacier flowing toward Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley from the Kukri Hills on the south. Named for Professor McKenny Hughes. 162.437667846680 162.581527709961 -77.727073669434 -77.749969482422 The Suess Glacier is between the Canada Glacier and Lacroix Glacier, flowing south into Taylor Valley. Scott named after the early nineties British Antarctic Expedition for Professor Eduard Suess. 162.647781372070 162.744598388672 -77.633750915527 -77.651824951172 1000 1000 meter The Taylor Glacier is an Antarctic glacier about 54 kilometres (34 mi) long, flowing from the plateau of Victoria Land into the western end of Taylor Valley, north of the Kukri Hills, south of the Asgard Range. The middle part of the glacier is bounded on the south by Beacon Valley.Scott (early nineties British Antarctic expedition) named the glacier for Griffith Taylor, geologist and leader of the Western Journey Party of the British Antarctic expedition.Like other glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Taylor Glacier is “cold-based,” meaning its bottom is frozen to the ground below.   161.683044433594 162.280426025391 -77.721229553223 -77.769035339355 1993-11-04 2020-01-30 The goal of each summer season is to take measurements in early spring (Oct/Nov) and late summer (late January). This provides a measure of seasonal winter/summer changes of glacier mass.  Data for the glacier mass balance summaries was submitted by Andrew G. Fountain to the data manager in August, 1997. The column showing "file name" identifies the original file containing that record. These are provenance ascii text files and can be asked to the the McMurdo LTER data manager's  office.    Once submitted, the data manager used Microsoft Excel and Access software to produce files that were in more of a relational mode.                          In March, 2000, Thomas Nylen revised the existing data, and added new data from the more recent seasons. Instead of lumping all of the mass balance results for each glacier under one file, they were separated into files for each glacier. Results for Hughes and Suess glaciers were also added. Metadata fields were also completed at this time.                           In April, 2000, Denise Steigerwald added fields for dataset code and glstkid. Dataset code would allow  the data to be linked to the metadata in a relational database. Glstkid is a code that ties stake records to points on a GIS base map being developed by Michael Prentice at the University of New Hampshire.                           Metadata was standardized in 2006 using the EML format and distributed throughout LTER and federal clearing houses (Chris Gardner, Inigo San Gil).  in 2014, metadata was revamped using the Drupal Ecological Information Management system (Inigo San Gil) McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager im@mcmlter.org McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER http://mcmlter.org/ McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
The methods of data collection are described in the glacier stake heights, snow depths and glacier snow density metadata files. To convert the data to mass values, the total change in ice height (usually negative) and snow height (depth for snow covered ice) at each stake are multiplied by their respective densities. The density for ice is 0.9 g/cm3 and the density for snow is measured in nearby snowpits. The final error of the mass balance measurement is based on the errors in the stake heights and snow depths found by replicated measurements. The errors were carried through the calculations based on Baird, D.C., 1962. Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement Theory and Experiment Design. Prentice Hall, Englewood. We assume no error in the snow density measurements. A Note about Stake names A stake with an H or V indicates a stake along the ice cliff that forms the boundary of the glacier terminus. An H is a horizontal stake placed into the vertical wall of the glacier terminus, and V is a stake placed into the ice apron at the base of the ice cliff. The vertical stakes were installed to support the horizontal stakes and provide a nearby measure of ablation for a surface with a much different slope. A Note about Standard Deviation Calculations: During the early years only one or two measurements of surface height were taken at each stake. If two measurements were taken, the average was used and the range expressed as the error; note of this was made in "comments" field. If greater than 2 measurements of surface height and snow depth were taken, standard deviation of Total WEQ Change was based on a calculation of errors.
ADAWEQ Adams Glacier - Summarized Mass Balance mcmlter-glac-adams-massbal-tot-20220224.csv 16887 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-adams-massbal-tot-20220224_0.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD COVERED PERIOD COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE START_DATE BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE END_DATE ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given COMMENTS COMMENTS NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION CANWEQ Canada Glacier - Summarized Mass Balance mcmlter-glac-canada-massbal-tot-20220224.csv 193317 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-canada-massbal-tot-20220224.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD COVERED PERIOD COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE START_DATE BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE END_DATE ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given COMMENTS COMMENTS NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION COMWEQ Commonwealth Glacier - Summarized Mass Balance mcmlter-glac-common-massbal-tot-20220224.csv 186455 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-common-massbal-tot-20220224.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD_COVERED PERIOD_COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE Starting Date BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE Ending Date ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given COMMONWEQ_COMMENTS Comments NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION HOWWEQ Howard Glacier - Summarized Mass Balance mcmlter-glac-howard-massbal-tot-20220224.csv 105821 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-howard-massbal-tot-20220224.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER string UNIQUE NUMBER FOR EACH STAKE ON GLACIER PERIOD_COVERED PERIOD_COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE Starting Date BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE Ending Date Date on which sampling ended date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given HOWARDWEQ_COMMENTS COmments Comments about the measurement string Comments about the measurement GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE_NAME FILE_NAME Name of file in which data was submitted string Name of file in which data was submitted TAYWEQ Taylor Glacier - Summarized Mass Balance mcmlter-glac-taylor-massbal-tot-20220224.csv 99392 1 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/mcmlter-glac-taylor-massbal-tot-20220224.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD COVERED PERIOD COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE START_DATE BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE END_DATE ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given COMMENTS COMMENTS NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION HUGH_WEQ Hughes glacier mass balance summaries spreadsheet units and column descriptions HUGH_WEQ.csv 8167 27 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/HUGH_WEQ.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD COVERED PERIOD COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE START_DATE BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE END_DATE ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given COMMENTS COMMENTS NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION SUES_WEQ Suess glacier mass balance summaries spreadsheet units and column descriptions SUES_WEQ.csv 11820 27 1 \n column , " https://mcm.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/SUES_WEQ.csv DATASET CODE DATASET CODE CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' string CODE REPRESENTING GLACIER MASS BALANCE SUMMARY DATASET - Glacier name plus 'WEQ' GLACIER GLACIER NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE string NAME OF GLACIER WHERE MEASUREMENT WAS MADE STAKE STAKE Unique number for each stake on glacier string Unique number for each stake on glacier PERIOD_COVERED PERIOD_COVERED LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) string LENGTH OF PERIOD MEASURED (EITHER YEAR, WINTER, SUMMER OR A PART OF A SEASON) START_DATE Starting Date BEGINNING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY END_DATE Ending Date ENDING DATE OF DATA MEASUREMENT date MM/DD/YYYY WEQ WEQ TOTAL MASS IN TERMS OF WATER EQUIVALENT (SUM OF ICE WEQ AND SNOW WEQ; ICE DENSITY = 0.9g/Cm3) Cm3/Cm2 0.1 real 0 NULL None given WEQ_STD_DEV WEQ_STD_DEV STANDARD DEVIATION OF WEQ CmWEQ real NULL None given SUESSWEQ_COMMENTS SUESSWEQ_COMMENTS NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS string NOTES ON WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS GLSTKID GLSTKID CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) string CODE FROM GLACIER / STAKE/ DATE OF COORDINATE MEASUREMENT (TO BE USED FOR GIS MAPPING) FILE NAME FILE NAME RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION string RAW DATA FILE CONTAINING INFORMATION