High frequency measurements from Lake Bonney Meteorological Station (BOYM), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2022, ongoing)

Summary

Abstract:

As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program, meteorological data are collected from various locations throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. This package contains 15-minute data from the Lake Bonney Meteorological Station (BOYM), located in Taylor Valley. BOYM was established in 1993, during the 93/94 field season.

Date Range:

November 24, 1993 to December 7, 2022

Data Citation

Doran, P.T., Fountain, A.G. 2023. High frequency measurements from Lake Bonney Meteorological Station (BOYM), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2022, ongoing). Environmental Data Initiative. DOI: 10.6073/pasta/d1fb2d06eab04ec29bfa31b74e8d7e42. Dataset accessed 28 April 2024.

Dataset(s)

Description:

BOYM - Air Temperature

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

AIRT3M

Label:
Definition: Average air temperature at 3 m above ground
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = See Airt_Comments for missing value explanation

AIRTMAX

Label:
Definition: Maximum air temperature at 3 m above ground
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = None given

AIRTMIN

Label:
Definition: Minimum air temperature at 3 m above ground
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = None given

AIRT_COMMENTS

Label: air temperature comments
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of air temperature
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

AIRT1M

Label:
Definition: Average air temperature at 1 m above ground
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = See Airt_Comments for missing value explanation

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_airt-15min-20230605.csv (38.8 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Precipitation

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

PPT

Label:
Definition: Unevaporated precipitation
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: millimeter
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = None given

PPT_COMMENTS

Label: precipitation comments
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of precipitation
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_ppt-15min-20230605.csv (31.96 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Solar Radiation

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

PAR

Label:
Definition: Photosynthetically active radiation
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: micromols/second/meter2
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

LWRADIN

Label:
Definition: Incoming longwave radiation based on applying instrument-specific multiplier
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: 400
Minimum: -5
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

LWRADIN2

Label:
Definition: Incoming longwave radiation calculated from thermopile, case thermistor and the dome or hemisphere thermistor measurements
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: 400
Minimum: -5
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

LWRADOUT

Label:
Definition: Outgoing longwave radiation based on applying instrument-specific multiplier
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: 400
Minimum: -5
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

LWRADOUT2

Label:
Definition: Outgoing longwave radiation calculated from thermopile, case thermistor and the dome or hemisphere thermistor measurements
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: 400
Minimum: -5
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

SWRADIN

Label:
Definition: Incoming shortwave radiation/solar flux
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

SWRADOUT

Label:
Definition: Outgoing shortwave radiation/solar flux
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: W/m2
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Radn_Comments for missing value explanation

RADN_COMMENTS

Label: radiation comments
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of radiation
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_radn-15min-20230605.csv (81.41 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Relative Humidity

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

Label: Relative Humidity
Definition: Relative humidity at 3 meters
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: dimensionless
Maximum: 100
Minimum: 0
Precision: Not specified
Missing values:
- Null = Missing Value Explanation in Rh Comments column

RH_COMMENTS

Label: relative humidity comments
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of relative humidity
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_rh-15min-20230605.csv (31.71 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Snow Height

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

SNOWHT

Label: Snow Height
Definition: Snow Height - snowfall / sediment accumulation or loss
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: centimeter
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.4
Missing values:
- Null = None given

SNOWHT_COMMENTS

Label:
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of SNOWHT_
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_snowht-15min-20230605.csv (35.41 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Soil Temperature

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

SOILT0CM

Label:
Definition: Soil temperature at 0 cm depth
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = None given

SOILT5CM

Label:
Definition: Soil temperature at 5 cm depth
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = None given

SOILT10CM

Label:
Definition: Soil temperature at 10 cm depth
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: celsius
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.01
Missing values:
- Null = None given

SOILT_COMMENTS

Label:
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of SOILT_
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_soilt-15min-20230605.csv (42.14 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Wind Direction & Speed

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

WDIR

Label:
Definition: Average wind direction
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: degreesfromnorth
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Wind COmments for missing value explanation

WDIRSTD

Label:
Definition: Standard deviation of wind direction
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: degreesfromnorth
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Wind COmments for missing value explanation

WSPD

Label:
Definition: Wind speed
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: metersPerSecond
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Wind COmments for missing value explanation

WSPDMAX

Label:
Definition: Maximum wind speed
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: metersPerSecond
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Wind COmments for missing value explanation

WSPDMIN

Label:
Definition: Minimum wind speed
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: metersPerSecond
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = See Wind COmments for missing value explanation

WIND_COMMENTS

Label:
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of WIND_
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

mcmlter-clim-boym_wind-15min-20230605.csv (46.9 MB)

Description:

BOYM - Water Vapor Density

Variables (click to expand):

DATASET_CODE

Label:
Definition: Code for given set of information for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

METLOCID

Label:
Definition: Location code for Lake Bonney meteorology station
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

DATE_TIME

Label:
Definition: Date/time of sample (New Zealand DST, +13 UTC)
Type: Date/time
Date format: MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI
Missing values: None specified

WVAPD

Label:
Definition: Water Vapor Density
Type: Physical quantity
Unit: gramspercubicmeter
Maximum: Not specified
Minimum: Not specified
Precision: 0.1
Missing values:
- Null = None given

WVAPD_COMMENTS

Label:
Definition: Noted comments by the investigator about the particular measure of WVAPD_
Type: Nominal
Missing values: None specified

File:

BOYM_WVAPD.csv (512.53 KB)

Short name:

BOYM

Dataset ID:

7003

People

Principal Investigator(s):

Peter T. Doran

Andrew G. Fountain

Contact:

McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Information Manager

Associated Personnel:

Field Technician

Data Manager

Former Field Crew

Former Data Manager

Methodology

Purpose:

Meteorological data are collected year-round at each of MCM LTER stations. Data are manually downloaded from the meteorological stations during the austral summer. Raw 15 minute data (Level 0) is processed and provided as Level 1 data on the MCM LTER website. Field notes, sensor information, processing procedures, QA/QC, and metadata is provided in the Meteorological Post Processing Documentation and Task Lists for each field season at the following address: https://mcm.lternet.edu/meteorological-task-lists

Methods:

The Lake Bonney meteorology station was initially built on the lake's ice cover in November, 1993. Shortly thereafter the station was listed to the point where it was decided to move it to shore. Some attempt was made to right the station during this period. The move of the station was done using the ATV with the station still running. The move began at 14:50 and ended at 15:06 on December 17, 1993. Data collected after 15:06 was done so with the station in it's final position. The clock synchronized with John Priscu's logger measuring light on Nov 26 in afternoon. The station was set up to sample sensors every 30 seconds and send summary statistics (for example, averages and maximums) to solid-state storage modules every:

10 minutes from November 24, 1993 to January 12, 1994,

three hours from January 12, 1994 to November 12, 1994,

20 minutes from November 12, 1994 to November 22, 1995

15 minutes thereafter.

This has resulted in approximately 28 values being recorded for final storage in every output interval.

Method Images:

Maintenance:

On August 24, 1999, the data manager did some fine-tuning of the data, as requested by Thomas Nylen. This included:

1. Placement of flags for WDir and WDirStD between Jan 6, 1998 @ 17:15 and Jan 15, 1998 @ 9:00. It was assumed the data was deleted because the wind direction values = 0. This needed to be indicated in the notes portion of the file.

2. Deletion of SoilT5cm, SoilT10cm, SwRadIn, SwRadOut, PAR, LwRadIn and LwRadOut2 values on 1/15/98 @ 9:15. They all appeared suspect are regarded as bad data.

3. Deletion of precipitation values between 1/15/98 @ 10:15 and 1/15/98 @ 10:45. The values were zero and are regarded as bad data.

4. Removal and flagging of the WDirStd data from Nov 12, 1994 @ 17:20 to Jan 20, 1995 @ 10:20.

5. Addition of precipitation values between Dec 5, 1994 @ 11:20 Jan 20, 1995 @ 10:20. At the request of Thomas Nylen, the first value for precipitation in this group was subjectively voided, and the 3 values right after this file were deleted (01/20/1995 10:20:00 AM to 11:00 AM).

6. Addition of WSpd, WSpdMax and WSpdMin values between Dec 5, 1994 @ 11:20 Jan 20, 1995 @ 10:20. In addition, WDir and WDirStd on 12/26/1994 4:00:00 was voided because the wind speed = 0.

7. Addition of records taken between Nov 9, 1995 @ 19:20 and Nov 22, 1995 @ 16:20. These records were not among the file provided on the web to that point.

In May 2000, the 1999-2000 data was posted. In the process, Denise Steigerwald changed the layout of the files so that they were sorted by category (air temperatures, humidity, radiation, wind etc.) rather than by year. Files containing monthly and daily averages were generated and minor adjustments were made to the metadata.

On May 16, 2000, relative humidity (RH) values were corrected for a systematic error in the measurement created by an instrument manufacturer error. All RH data with air temperatures below freezing were corrected using the vapor pressure over ice (rather than over water which was used initially). The error became quite large for very cold temperatures (the correction could grow to around 30%). The formula used for the correction was:

RH_corr=RH_orig/((A*temp*temp)+(B*temp)+C)

where

RH_corr = corrected relative humidity

RH_orig = original relative humidity

temp = air temperature

A = 4.165E-5

B = 9.7E-3

C = 1.0

For example, with an air temperature of -2.3 and RH_orig of 50.6, the RH_corr will be 51.7.

Records that showed corrected RH values greater than or equal to 100 were changed to 99.99 and flagged.

In June 2000, summary files were added to the web containing daily and monthly statistics. These were generated by creating "views" of daily and monthly means, minimums, maximums and counts of the records represented in the Oracle database's meteorology tables.

In May 2003, PAR values between 11/20/01 10:30 AM and 1/24/02 11:45 AM were changed because the wrong multiplier was used the first time it was processed. The values were divided by 1.37283 (old multiplier) and multiplied by 1.64249 (correct multiplier).

In Apr 2004, LwRadIn data between 11/17/2000 @ 1130 am and 01/09/2002 @ 08:45 am were delete and flagged as "LwRadIn value recorded by instrument but known to be bad data". The sensor values were considerably lower than the tempeature corrected LwRadIn2 value. The battery in the Eppley Pyrgeometer was probably left in, which affects the output voltage.

On June 4, 2004, the relative humidity (RH) values after January 15, 2000 @ 1300 were corrected for a systematic error in the measurement created by an instrument manufacturer error. All RH data with air temperatures below freezing were corrected using the vapor pressure over ice (rather than over water which was used initially). The error became quite large for very cold temperatures (the correction could grow to around 30%). The polynomials used for the correction is based on Lowe (1977). The original RH value is multiplied by the saturation vapor pressure over water and divided by the the saturation vapor pressure over ice

RH3m_corr=[RH3m]*(6.107799961 + [AirT3m] * (0.4436518521 + [AirT3m] * (0.01428945805 + [AirT3m] * (0.0002650648471 + [AirT3m] *(0.000003031240396 + [AirT3m] * (0.00000002034080948 + 0.00000000006136820929 * [AirT3m])))))) / (6.109177956 + [AirT3m] * (0.503469897 + [AirT3m] * (0.01886013408 + [AirT3m] * (0.0004176223716 + [AirT3m] * (0.00000582472028 + [AirT3m] * (0.00000004838803174 + 0.0000000001838826904 * [AirT3m])))))))

Records that showed corrected RH values greater than or equal to 100 were changed to 99.99 and flagged.

In March 2006, Chris Gardner consolidated the SnowHt and SoilSurfChange tables, as they are actually the same measurement. The Data in BOYM_SNOWHT from 1/24/2003 4:00PM through 1/24/2004 1:30PM were taken from BOYM_SOILSURFCHANGE

Metadata was standardized using EML in 2006 (Gardner, San Gil) and enhance using DEIMS in 2014

All longwave radiation sensors were removed from this station in November 2018, with no plans to replace them as of June 2023.

Research Section:

LTER Core Areas:

disturbance

MCM Keywords:

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